Energy generation from salinity gradients through reverse. In red, a concentrated salt solution and a less concentrated. At the same time, the european union project reapower. Investigation of reverse electrodialysis units by multi. Salinitygradient energy, blue energy, reverse electrodialysis, pressureretarded osmosis, power. Electricity production from salinity gradients by reverse electrodialysis by jan post states that 1m3 of salt water mixing with 1m3 of fresh water, assuming a salinity gradient of 1. Publishers pdf, also known as version of record publication date. Analyze the technology of reverse electrodialysis coupled with hydrogen production, and quantify the energy losses. Firstly in an ion exchange membrane, besides the wanted transport of the counterions, there is a transport of coions due to the fact that membranes are not 100% selective.
The principles and history of converting the difference between the chemical potentials of concentrated and dilute salt solutions to useful energy by reverse electrodialysis red are discussed. T1 mass transport in reverse electrodialysis for sustainable energy generation. Reverse electrodialysis is one of the technologies that can harvest this sustainable energy source. Reverse electrodialysis was selected for further investigation in this thesis, after an. The membrane is selective in that itll only permit the passage of either anions or cations but not both. Secondly, there are ionic shortcut currents, arising from the transport of. Reverse electrodialysis and capacitive reverse electrodialysis. Towards implementation of reverse electrodialysis for power. Edr is not a competitor to reverse osmosis, but rather each have a specific fit. Electrodialysis ed or electrodialysis reversal edr is an electrochemical chargedriven separation process where dissolved ions are separated through ion. Reverse electrodialysis red is a nonpolluting, sustainable technology that converts the free energy of mixing of two solutions with different salinity directly into electrical energy. Publishers pdf, also known as version of record includes final page, issue and volume numbers.
Using desalination technologies for water treatment. Comparison of six commercial membrane pairs on 107 the thermodynamic effi ciency and power density 7. Salinity gradient represents an interesting renewable energy source. N2 reverse electrodialysis red is a clean, sustainable technology for the generation of energy from the mixing of solutions with different salinity. A multiphysical model of reverse electrodialysis units was developed. The performance of a scaledup reverse electrodialysis stack 1 8. Electrodialysis ed is an electrically driven membrane process used to demineralize brackish water. Treatment of highly scaling flows without expensive chemical treatment, selective extraction of ions, and. Historically costprohibitive, electrodialysis is now viable alternative to reverse osmosis maybe even a better one. Pdf modelling the reverse electrodialysis process with. An assessment of reverse electrodialysis for application to. In this study, an alternative solution that relies on electrodialysis. A multiscale model for the reverse electrodialysis process with seawater and concentrated brines desalination for the environment, clean water and energy barcelona, spain april 2012 reverse electrodialysis with seawater and concentrated brine. Electrodialysis ed or electrodialysis reversal edr is an electrochemical chargedriven separation process where dissolved ions are separated through ion permeable membranes under the influence of an electrical potential gradient.
This thesis then compares red to other environmental energy. Reversed electro dialysis red uses the transport of salt ions through. However, existing ro products can recover only 2550% of the feed water supplied as usable product water. Electricity production from salinity gradients by reverse. The ions will move spontaneously from the seawater to the diluted compartment. Mass transport in reverse electrodialysis sustainable.
Electrodialysis ed is a new advanced separation process that is commonly utilized for producing drinking water from water bodies as well as for the treatment of industrial effluents. A microbial reverse electrodialysis electrolysis and chemicalproduction. Salinity gradients using reverse electrodialysis and capacitive mixing a dissertation in mechanical engineering by marta c. Reverse electrodialysis red is an emerging membranebased process for clean energy conversion. Reverse electrodialysis red is an emerging membranebased energy conversion process used to extract electricity by mixing two water streams of different salinities. The total dissolved solids tds in such water can vary but tds could be as low as 1 mgl.
Reverse osmosis ro and nanofiltration nf in relation to thermal processes, reverse osmosis ro is a relatively new process that was commercialized in the 1970s buros, 2000. A periodic portion of a cell pair was simulated by the nernstplanck approach. Smart flow strategies for reverse electrodialysis pdf 8 mb. Energy generation from mixing salt water and fresh water. What follows are the benefits of ed in comparison to ro, since the latter is the current standard. In this introduction to the thesis, we provide a short overview of the thermodynamic base in section 1. Electrodialysis ed is a membrane separation process that utilizes an electrical potential difference as a driving force for moving salt ions in solutions. Using combined electrodialysis reverse osmosis a thesis presented to the academic faculty by cindy jackson in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree master of science in the school of. It was found that reverse electrodialysis red commonly known as blue energy is. Optimization, process control, and renewable energy application a thesis by brett mareth submitted to the. T1 anion exchange membrane design for reverse electrodialysis. Thereby, two solutions at different concentrations are fed into two series of alternated channels.
Reverse electrodialysis design and optimization by modeling and experimentation. Preliminary theoretical research from a 2009 thesis paper from the netherlands, lue energy. Sep 10, 2003 fair, the effect of finite driving forces on the reverse electrodialysis characteristics of charged capillary membranes, ph. Ro brine reverse osmosisbrine concentrator concentrator. This thesis was prepared to accomplish the requirements in the master of science in the faculty of natural science and technology at the university of stavanger. Aug 10, 2018 electrodialysis reversal edr technology and its specific application fit is explained. Reverse electrodialysis red is a promising technology to extract energy from salinity gradients, especially in the areas where concentrated brine and saline waters are available as feed streams. It uses the free energy of mixing two solutions of different salinity e. Reverse electrodialysis is a conversion technique to obtain electricity from salinity gradients. Towards implementation of reverse electrodialysis for power generation from salinity gradients article in desalination and water treatment 16 april 2010 with 215 reads how we measure reads. Performance of a stack with 50 cells on the mixing 83 of sea and river water 6. Reverse electrodialysis red is a promising and potentially attractive technology for the generation of sustainable energy from the mixing of salt and fresh water. This phd thesis investigates the design and optimization of the reverse electrodialysis process, with a strong focus on membranes and ion transport, concentration polarization phenomena and spacer properties in relation to the.
Reverse electrodialysis red is one of the emerging, membrane based. Ion exchange is primarily used for the removal of hardness ions, such as magnesium and calcium, and for water demineralization. Microbial reverseelectrodialysis electrolysis and chemical. As the fields of reverse electrodialysis red and that of electrolysis are not yet integrated yet, there is no proper comparative study to the cost of hydrogen obtained from this route, compared to traditional routes for hydrogen. In red, energy is produced through the controlled mixing of seawater with a diluted stream. Reverse electrodialysis red is the salinity gradient energy retrieved from the difference in the salt concentration between seawater and river water. Conclusions dilute solution investigation of reverse electrodialysis units by multiphysical modelling. Asymmetrical electrode system for stable operation of a. In a largescale reverse electrodialysis red system comprising several hundreds of cell pairs, the contribution of electrode resistance to total resistance is very small compared to that in typical. Comparison of electrodialysis and reverse electrodialysis. Reverse electrodialysis design and optimization by modeling and experimentation ceremony friday, 1st october 2010 at 14. Reverse electrodialysis red is a renewable, nonpolluting way to generate electricity by mixing water with di. Reverse electrodialysis, wageningen university, phd thesis.
An assessment of reverse electrodialysis for application. Development of a reverse osmosiselectrodialysis process to concentrate natural organic matter welcome to the ideals repository javascript is disabled for your browser. Reverse electrodialysis red is based on the principle that ionic compounds such as salts dissolve in water into charged ions. Preliminary theoretical research from a 2009 thesis paper from the netherlands, blue energy. Final report, author not available, abstractnote the principles and history of converting the difference between the chemical potentials of concentrated and dilute salt solutions to useful energy by reverse electrodialysis red are discussed. Electrodialysis reversal edr technology and its specific application fit is explained. May 31, 2017 electrodialysis ed and electrodialysis reversal edr processes have been often used for separation of ions in dilute solutions. Modelling the reverse electrodialysis process with seawater and concentrated brines.
This thesis is dedicated to the precise analysis and assessment of reverse logistics and finding possible solutions for the optimization of reverse. Previous research already investigated reverse electrodialysis red and assisted reverse electrodialysis ared as predesalination. Pdf energy generation from salinity gradients through. Brackish waters lie under approximately two thirds of the united states, and inland rivers, such as the.
High power densities have been obtained in small lab scale systems, but translation to large industrial scale. Multiphysical modelling of reverse electrodialysis. Pressure retarded osmosis pro, and reversed electro dialysis red. Nov, 2017 this study employs theory and experimental data from a laboratoryscale electrodialyzer to predict sodium chloride nacl mass transport and concentration distribution along the electrodialyzer as a function of feed concentration, feed flow rate, applied voltage, and pressure. Reverse electrodialysis in charged capillary membranes. Mayere, abdulkarim 2011 solar powered desalination. Ed vs ro the benefits of electrodialysis for desalination.
Currently, ro is the most widely used method for desalination in the united states. Mayere, phd thesis, 2011 5 abstract despite water being apparently abundant, up to half of the world. At the end, the scope and outline of this thesis are presented. Using combined electrodialysisreverse osmosis a thesis presented to the academic faculty by cindy jackson in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree master of science in the school of earth and atmospheric sciences georgia institute of technology august 2009. Aug 11, 2015 it is also being used increasingly to supplement dwindling available resources and mitigate saltwater intrusion of aquifers. Anion exchange membrane design for reverse electrodialysis. Thesis, wageningen university, wageningen the netherlands 2009. Pdf salinity gradient power, generated from the reversible mixing of seawater. The electrical conductivity is generally less than 2 msm and may even be lower reverse electrodialysis red is a technology to produce electrical energy from the salinity difference between two salt solutions. The work was carried out from august 2012 to june 20. In some applications, such as fgd or produced water, edr can provide a compelling cost advantage. The process of reverse electrodialysis generates a voltage from an ionic gradient separated by a semipermeable membrane, forming a concentration cell 3. Apr 08, 2014 natural mineral carbonation can be accelerated using acid and alkali solutions to enhance atmospheric co2 sequestration, but the production of these solutions needs to be carbonneutral. Edr is not a competitor to reverse osmosis, but rather each have a.
Mass transport in reverse electrodialysis for sustainable. Reverse electrodialysis red is an ion exchange membranebased process that convert directly the salinity gradient energy into electric current. Development of a reverse osmosiselectrodialysis process to. Reverse electrodialysis red is a means by which to produce electrical power through the. The technique works by utilising the transport of cations and anions through ionexchange membranes iems to create an electrical current, via differences in chemical potential, when mixing salt solutions of different concentrations. Design and optimization by modeling and experimentation. Mass transport in reverse electrodialysis sustainable energy. A method of utilizing the energy produced by this process by means of a heat engine was invented by prof. An integrated reverse electrodialysis red system with. University of groningen reverse electrodialysis design and. Feasibility study of an electrodialysis system for inhome. Reverse electrodialysis red is a promising technology for electric power generation by converting the chemical potential difference of a salinity gradient, within a stack equipped by selective ionexchange.
Summary 6 s summary energy generation from mixing salt water and fresh water smart flow strategies for reverse electrodialysis reverse electrodialysis red is a technology to capture renewable energy. Experimental and modeling studies on reverse electrodialysis for. This phd thesis investigates the design and optimization of the reverse electrodialysis process, with a strong focus on membranes and ion transport, concentration polarization phenomena and spacer. Pdf theoretical power density from salinity gradients using. Edr 101 electrodialysis reversal i saltworks techologies. While current research has largely focused on utilizing red for largescale commercial power, this thesis. Sidney loeb in 1977 at the bengurion university of the negev. Reverse electrodialysis for salinity gradient power generation. Reverse electrodialysis red is an electrochemical membrane process that directly converts the energy associated with the concentration difference between two salt solutions into electrical energy by means of a selective controlled mixing. Ion exchange and demineralization summary ion exchange and membrane processes are becoming used extensively in water and wastewater treatment. First, applied voltage, initial concentration, flow rate, type of electrolyte and the effect of concentration were determined for both.
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